Acetazolamide

Acetazolamide is used:

• To reduce IOP in chronic simple (open-angle) glaucoma and secondary glaucoma


• To treat metabolic acidosis


• As a diuretic in congestive cardiac failure


• To stabilize neuronal discharge in epilepsy

250mg, 100 tablets
For use with dogs and cats.

Acetazolamide is a non-bacteriostatic sulfonamide drug that is futhercategorized as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. The drugs acts toinhibit carbonic anhydrase. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase reducesthe secretion of certain fluids e.g. aqueous humor, decreases renalblood flow and glomerular filtration, and can act to discharge abnormaldischarge or neurons in the central nervous system. The reduction insecretion of aqueous humor can cause a decrease in intraocular pressurewhich is therapeutic in the treatment of glaucoma. Acetazolamide'sonset of action may be as early as 30 minutes after an oral dose. Itsmaximum effects occur in about 5 hours and its duration of its actionis about 7 hours. It is excreted unchanged in the urine.

Possible Side Effects:
While generally safe and effective when prescribed by a veterinarianacetazolamide can cause side effects in some animals. Acetazolamideshould not be used in animals with known hypersensitivity or allergy tothe drug or other sulfonamides. Also it should avoided in patients withdepressed levels of sodium and potassium serum levels marked kidney orliver dysfunction Addison's disease or metabolic/respiratory acidosis.Long-term administration of acetazolamide is contraindicated in chronicnoncongestive angle-closure glaucoma since it may cause closure of theangle to occur while worsening glaucoma is masked by lowered IOP.Hematologic reactions common to other sulfonamides may occur duringtreatment: complete blood count (CBC) and platelets should be monitoredduring therapy. Possible side effects include:

• seizures
  
• drowsiness
  
• ataxia
  
• tremor
  
• urticaria/pruritus
  
• rash
  
• photosensitivity
  
• vomiting
  
• diarrhea
  
• bone marrow depression
  
• hematuria
  
• renal calculi
  
• crystalluria
  
• polyuria
  
• phosphaturia
  
• weight loss
  
• electrolyte imbalance
  
• hepatic insufficiency
• Intraocular pressure should be monitored when treating glaucoma.Electrolytes and blood gases should be monitored when treatingmetabolic acidosis.

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